3/6/2023 0 Comments Anatomy of thebrain![]() Get started with central nervous system anatomy and the development of the central nervous system. The spinal cord is continuous with the brainstem. The brain is divided into the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem. The brain generates commands for target tissues and the spinal cord acts as a conduit, connecting the brain to peripheral tissues via the PNS. Both are protected by three layers of meninges ( dura, arachnoid, and pia mater). The brain is found in the cranial cavity, while the spinal cord is found in the vertebral column. The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. Note that in this pack you will find a specially designed quiz to test your knowledge about the neuronatomy! Feel free to take the quiz as many times as you like, and learn more about the nervous system, its divisions, structure and functions! Afferent pathways carry information from peripheral tissues to the CNS (sensation), while efferent pathways carry commands on how to respond (motor). Here’s a nervous system starter pack for you, just a few clicks away. Information flow within the nervous system can be described as afferent or efferent. Informally described as our voluntary and involuntary systems, respectively. Functionally, the peripheral nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The central nervous system or CNS ( brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system or PNS (all neural tissue outside the CNS). There are two structural divisions of the nervous system. Ranging from essential physiological processes (body temperature and the sleep-wake cycle), voluntary commands ( movement), all the way to the most complex features of a human being (higher-order thinking and the whole spectrum of emotional behaviour). The nervous system controls every aspect of body function. Besides from neurons, there are other nervous system cells, for example glial cells, which play supporting roles. In the PNS this bundle is called a nerve. A bundle of axons (nerve fibers) in the CNS is called a tract. ![]() Myelin insulates axons and allows quicker transmission of electrical impulses. Myelinated axons are found in the white matter, giving it its colour and distinguishing it from grey matter (neuronal cell bodies). The axons of most neurons are wrapped with a white substance called myelin. They are structurally classified based on how many processes they have: unipolar, pseudounipolar, bipolar, and multipolar. Neurons are comprised of a cell body (soma) and neural processes ( axons and dendrites). Meaning that, neurons receive, process and integrate information from all regions of the body and send instructions on how body tissues are to respond to environmental and internal events. They receive and transmit neural impulses. Structural divisions: central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS)ĭefinition: Neural tissue within the skull and vertebral column that is the integrative and command center of the body.ĭefinition: Neural tissue outside the CNS whose function is to convey the information between the CNS and rest of the body.įunctional divisions: Autonomic nervous system (ANS), somatic nervous system (SNS)ĭefinition: Involuntary component of the PNS that controls cardiac, glandular and smooth muscle cells.ĭivisions: Sympathetic nervous system (SANS), parasympathetic nervous system (PANS)ĭefinition: Voluntary component of the PNS in charge to direct the voluntary body movements and convey feel sensation from the skin, muscles and joints.Ī neuron (nerve cell) is the functional unit of the nervous system. Key facts about neuroanatomy Nervous systemĭefinition: A network of neurons whose main function is to generate, modulate and transmit information between all the parts of the body. After that, you can dive into our series of easy-to-read study materials, so that at the end of your neuroanatomy journey you’ll feel more like Frodo Baggins, rather than the fallen Boromir. In this article we will introduce you to the main concepts of neuroanatomy and the major structures of the nervous system. That’s usually due to the complexity of the subject, which textbooks often fail to simplify and thus give fuel to the theory that the nervous system is so hard to learn. It feels as though you’re about to go to Mordor. We all know that hesitation when you’re about to open a neuroanatomy textbook. ![]()
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